Defined in header <stdio.h> | ||
---|---|---|
int setvbuf( FILE * stream, char * buffer, int mode, size_t size ); | (until C99) | |
int setvbuf( FILE *restrict stream, char *restrict buffer, int mode, size_t size ); | (since C99) |
Changes the the buffering mode of the given file stream stream
as indicated by the argument mode
. In addition,
buffer
is a null pointer, resizes of the internal buffer to size
. buffer
is not a null pointer, instructs the stream to use the user-provided buffer of size size
beginning at buffer
. The stream must be closed (with fclose
) before the lifetime of the array pointed to by buffer
ends. The contents of the array after a successful call to setvbuf
are indeterminate and any attempt to use it is undefined behavior. stream | - | the file stream to set the buffer to | ||||||
buffer | - | pointer to a buffer for the stream to use or null pointer to change size and mode only | ||||||
mode | - | buffering mode to use. It can be one of the following values:
|
||||||
size | - | size of the buffer |
0
on success or nonzero on failure.
This function may only be used after stream
has been associated with an open file, but before any other operation (other than a failed call to setbuf
/setvbuf
).
Not all size
bytes will necessarily be used for buffering: the actual buffer size is usually rounded down to a multiple of 2, a multiple of page size, etc.
On many implementations, line buffering is only available for terminal input streams.
A common error is setting the buffer of stdin or stdout to an array whose lifetime ends before the program terminates:
int main(void) { char buf[BUFSIZ]; setbuf(stdin, buf); } // lifetime of buf ends, undefined behavior
The default buffer size BUFSIZ
is expected to be the most efficient buffer size for file I/O on the implementation, but POSIX fstat often provides a better estimate.
One use case for changing buffer size is when a better size is known.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/stat.h> int main(void) { FILE* fp = fopen("test.txt", "r"); if(fp == NULL) { perror("fopen"); return 1; } struct stat stats; if(fstat(fileno(fp), &stats) == -1) { // POSIX only perror("fstat"); return 1; } printf("BUFSIZ is %d, but optimal block size is %ld\n", BUFSIZ, stats.st_blksize); if(setvbuf(fp, NULL, _IOFBF, stats.st_blksize) != 0) { perror("setvbuf failed"); // POSIX version sets errno return 1; } int ch; while((ch=fgetc(fp)) != EOF); // read entire file: use truss/strace to // observe the read(2) syscalls used fclose(fp); }
Possible output:
BUFSIZ is 8192, but optimal block size is 65536
sets the buffer for a file stream (function) |
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