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C keywords

This is a list of reserved keywords in C. Since they are used by the language, these keywords are not available for re-definition.

auto
break
case
char
const
continue
default
do
double
else
enum
extern.

float
for
goto
if
inline (since C99)
int
long
register
restrict (since C99)
return
short.

signed
sizeof
static
struct
switch
typedef
union
unsigned
void
volatile
while.

_Alignas (since C11)
_Alignof (since C11)
_Atomic (since C11)
_Bool (since C99)
_Complex (since C99)
_Generic (since C11)
_Imaginary (since C99)
_Noreturn (since C11)
_Static_assert (since C11)
_Thread_local (since C11).

The most common keywords that begin with an underscore are generally used through their convenience macros:

keyword used as defined in
_Alignas (since C11) alignas stdalign.h
_Alignof (since C11) alignof stdalign.h
_Atomic (since C11) atomic_bool, atomic_int, ... stdatomic.h
_Bool (since C99) bool stdbool.h
_Complex (since C99) complex complex.h
_Generic (since C11) (no macro)
_Imaginary (since C99) imaginary complex.h
_Noreturn (since C11) noreturn stdnoreturn.h
_Static_assert (since C11) static_assert assert.h
_Thread_local (since C11) thread_local threads.h

Also, each name that begins with a double underscore __ or an underscore followed by an uppercase letter is reserved: see identifier for details.

Note that digraphs <%, %>, <:, :>, %:, and %:%: provide an alternative way to represent standard tokens.

The following tokens are recognized by the preprocessor when they are used within the context of a preprocessor directive:

if
elif
else
endif
defined.

ifdef
ifndef
define
undef
.

include
line
error
pragma
.

The following tokens are recognized by the preprocessor when they are used outside the context of a preprocessor directive:

_Pragma(since C99).

The following additional keywords are classified as extensions and conditionally-supported:

asm
fortran.

References

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
    • 6.4.1 Keywords (p: 58-59)
    • J.5 Common extensions (p: 579-581)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
    • 6.4.1 Keywords (p: 50)
    • J.5 Common extensions (p: 511-513)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
    • 3.1.1 Keywords
    • G.5 Common extensions

See also

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