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std::map::map

map(); explicit map( const Compare& comp, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );	(1)
explicit map( const Allocator& alloc );	(1)	(since C++11)
	(2)
template< class InputIt > map( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Compare& comp = Compare(), const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
template< class InputIt > map( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& alloc );		(since C++14)
map( const map& other );	(3)
map( const map& other, const Allocator& alloc );	(3)	(since C++11)
map( map&& other );	(4)	(since C++11)
map( map&& other, const Allocator& alloc );	(4)	(since C++11)
	(5)
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, const Compare& comp = Compare(), const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );		(since C++11)
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, const Allocator& );		(since C++14)

Constructs new container from a variety of data sources and optionally using user supplied allocator alloc or comparison function object comp.

1) Constructs an empty container.

2) Constructs the container with the contents of the range [first, last). If multiple elements in the range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).

3) Copy constructor. Constructs the container with the copy of the contents of other. If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by calling std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(other.get_allocator()).

4) Move constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of other using move semantics. If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by move-construction from the allocator belonging to other.

5) Constructs the container with the contents of the initializer list init. If multiple elements in the range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).

Parameters

alloc	-	allocator to use for all memory allocations of this container
comp	-	comparison function object to use for all comparisons of keys
first, last	-	the range to copy the elements from
other	-	another container to be used as source to initialize the elements of the container with
init	-	initializer list to initialize the elements of the container with
Type requirements
-`InputIt` must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
-`Compare` must meet the requirements of Compare.
-`Allocator` must meet the requirements of Allocator.

Complexity

1) Constant

2) N log(N) where N = std::distance(first, last) in general, linear in N if the range is already sorted by value_comp().

3) Linear in size of other

4) Constant. If alloc is given and alloc != other.get_allocator(), then linear.

5) N log(N) where N = init.size()) in general, linear in N if init is already sorted by value_comp().

Exceptions

Calls to Allocator::allocate may throw.

Notes

After container move construction (overload (4)), references, pointers, and iterators (other than the end iterator) to other remain valid, but refer to elements that are now in *this. The current standard makes this guarantee via the blanket statement in §23.2.1[container.requirements.general]/12, and a more direct guarantee is under consideration via LWG 2321.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
 
template<typename Map>
void print_map(Map& m)
{
   std::cout << '{';
   for(auto& p: m)
        std::cout << p.first << ':' << p.second << ' ';
   std::cout << "}\n";
}
 
struct Point { double x, y; };
struct PointCmp {
    bool operator()(const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) const { 
        return lhs.x < rhs.x; // NB. intentionally ignores y
    }
};
 
int main()
{
  // (1) Default constructor
  std::map<std::string, int> map1;
  map1["something"] = 69;
  map1["anything"] = 199;
  map1["that thing"] = 50;
  std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
 
  // (2) Range constructor
  std::map<std::string, int> iter(map1.find("anything"), map1.end());
  std::cout << "\niter = "; print_map(iter);
  std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
 
  // (3) Copy constructor
  std::map<std::string, int> copied(map1);
  std::cout << "\ncopied = "; print_map(copied);
  std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
 
  // (4) Move constructor
  std::map<std::string, int> moved(std::move(map1));
  std::cout << "\nmoved = "; print_map(moved);
  std::cout << "map1 = "; print_map(map1);
 
  // (5) Initializer list constructor
  const std::map<std::string, int> init {
    {"this", 100},
    {"can", 100},
    {"be", 100},
    {"const", 100},
  };
  std::cout << "\ninit = "; print_map(init);
 
 
  // Custom Key class option 1:
  // Use a comparison struct
  std::map<Point, double, PointCmp> mag = {
      { {5, -12}, 13 },
      { {3, 4},   5 },
      { {-8, -15}, 17 }
  };
 
  for(auto p : mag)
      std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << p.first.x
                << ", " << p.first.y << ") is "
                << p.second << '\n';
 
  // Custom Key class option 2:    
  // Use a comparison lambda
  // This lambda sorts points according to their magnitudes, where note that
  //  these magnitudes are taken from the local variable mag
  auto cmpLambda = [&mag](const Point &lhs, const Point &rhs) { return mag[lhs] < mag[rhs]; };
  //You could also use a lambda that is not dependent on local variables, like this:
  //auto cmpLambda = [](const Point &lhs, const Point &rhs) { return lhs.y < rhs.y; };
  std::map<Point, double, decltype(cmpLambda)> magy(cmpLambda);
 
  //Various ways of inserting elements:
  magy.insert(std::pair<Point, double>({5, -12}, 13));
  magy.insert({ {3, 4}, 5});
  magy.insert({Point{-8.0, -15.0}, 17});
 
  std::cout << '\n';
  for(auto p : magy)
      std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << p.first.x
                << ", " << p.first.y << ") is "
                << p.second << '\n';
}

Output:

map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
 
iter = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
 
copied = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
 
moved = {anything:199 something:69 that thing:50 }
map1 = {}
 
init = {be:100 can:100 const:100 this:100 }
The magnitude of (-8, -15) is 17
The magnitude of (3, 4) is 5
The magnitude of (5, -12) is 13
 
The magnitude of (3, 4) is 5
The magnitude of (5, -12) is 13
The magnitude of (-8, -15) is 17

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 2193	C++11	the default constructor is explicit	made non-explicit