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animation-fill-mode

The animation-fill-mode CSS property sets how a CSS animation applies styles to its target before and after its execution.

It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation to set all animation properties at once.

Syntax

/* Single animation */
animation-fill-mode: none;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both;

/* Multiple animations */
animation-fill-mode: none, backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both, forwards, none;

Values

none
The animation will not apply any styles to the target when it's not executing. The element will instead be displayed using any other CSS rules applied to it. This is the default value.
forwards
The target will retain the computed values set by the last keyframe encountered during execution. The last keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction and animation-iteration-count:
animation-direction animation-iteration-count last keyframe encountered
normal even or odd 100% or to
reverse even or odd 0% or from
alternate even 0% or from
alternate odd 100% or to
alternate-reverse even 100% or to
alternate-reverse odd 0% or from
backwards
The animation will apply the values defined in the first relevant keyframe as soon as it is applied to the target, and retain this during the animation-delay period. The first relevant keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction:
animation-direction first relevant keyframe
normal or alternate 0% or from
reverse or alternate-reverse 100% or to
both
The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, thus extending the animation properties in both directions.

Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-* property, they will be assigned to the animations specified in the animation-name property in different ways depending on how many there are. For more information, see Setting multiple animation property values.

Formal syntax

<single-animation-fill-mode>#

where
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both

Example

You can see the effect of animation-fill-mode in the following example. It demonstrates how, for an animation that runs for an infinite time, you can cause it to remain in its final state rather than reverting to the original state (which is the default).

HTML

<p>Move your mouse over the gray box!</p>
<div class="demo">
 <div class="growsandstays">This grows and stays big.</div>
  <div class="grows">This just grows.</div>
</div>

CSS

.demo {
  border-top: 100px solid #ccc;
  height: 300px;
}

@keyframes grow {
  0% { font-size: 0; }
  100% { font-size: 40px; }
}

.demo:hover .grows {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
}

.demo:hover .growsandstays {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
  animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}

See CSS animations for more examples.

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Animations
The definition of 'animation-fill-mode' in that specification.
Working Draft Initial definition.
Initial value none
Applies to all elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements
Inherited no
Media visual
Computed value as specified
Animation type discrete
Canonical order the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Browser compatibilityUpdate compatibility data on GitHub

Desktop
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari
Basic support 43
43
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
12
12
12
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
16
16
49
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
44
Prefixed Disabled
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Disabled From version 44: this feature is behind the layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.
5
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -moz-
10 30
30
15
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
12.1 — 15
12 — 15
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -o-
Yes
Yes
4
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Mobile
Android webview Chrome for Android Edge Mobile Firefox for Android Opera for Android iOS Safari Samsung Internet
Basic support 43
43
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
43
43
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Yes
Yes
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
16
16
49
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
44
Prefixed Disabled
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Disabled From version 44: this feature is behind the layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.
5
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -moz-
30
30
15
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
12.1 — 14
12 — 14
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -o-
Yes
Yes
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-
4.0
4.0
Yes
Prefixed
Prefixed Requires the vendor prefix: -webkit-

See also

© 2005–2018 Mozilla Developer Network and individual contributors.
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-fill-mode