console

The Console object provides access to the browser's debugging console (e.g. the Web Console in Firefox). The specifics of how it works varies from browser to browser, but there is a de facto set of features that are typically provided.

The Console object can be accessed from any global object. Window on browsing scopes and WorkerGlobalScope as specific variants in workers via the property console. It's exposed as Window.console, and can be referenced as simply console. For example:

console.log("Failed to open the specified link")

This page documents the Methods available on the Console object and gives a few Usage examples.

Methods

Console.assert()

Log a message and stack trace to console if the first argument is false.

Console.clear()

Clear the console.

Console.count()

Log the number of times this line has been called with the given label.

Console.countReset()

Resets the value of the counter with the given label.

Console.debug()

Outputs a message to the console with the log level "debug".

Note: Starting with Chromium 58 this method only appears in Chromium browser consoles when level "Verbose" is selected.

Console.dir()

Displays an interactive listing of the properties of a specified JavaScript object. This listing lets you use disclosure triangles to examine the contents of child objects.

Console.dirxml()

Displays an XML/HTML Element representation of the specified object if possible or the JavaScript Object view if it is not possible.

Console.error()

Outputs an error message. You may use string substitution and additional arguments with this method.

Console.exception()

An alias for error().

Console.group()

Creates a new inline group, indenting all following output by another level. To move back out a level, call groupEnd().

Console.groupCollapsed()

Creates a new inline group, indenting all following output by another level. However, unlike group() this starts with the inline group collapsed requiring the use of a disclosure button to expand it. To move back out a level, call groupEnd().

Console.groupEnd()

Exits the current inline group.

Console.info()

Informative logging of information. You may use string substitution and additional arguments with this method.

Console.log()

For general output of logging information. You may use string substitution and additional arguments with this method.

Console.profile()

Starts the browser's built-in profiler (for example, the Firefox performance tool). You can specify an optional name for the profile.

Console.profileEnd()

Stops the profiler. You can see the resulting profile in the browser's performance tool (for example, the Firefox performance tool).

Console.table()

Displays tabular data as a table.

Console.time()

Starts a timer with a name specified as an input parameter. Up to 10,000 simultaneous timers can run on a given page.

Console.timeEnd()

Stops the specified timer and logs the elapsed time in seconds since it started.

Console.timeLog()

Logs the value of the specified timer to the console.

Console.timeStamp()

Adds a marker to the browser's Timeline or Waterfall tool.

Console.trace()

Outputs a stack trace.

Console.warn()

Outputs a warning message. You may use string substitution and additional arguments with this method.

Usage

Outputting text to the console

The most frequently-used feature of the console is logging of text and other data. There are four categories of output you can generate, using the console.log(), console.info(), console.warn(), and console.error() methods respectively. Each of these results in output styled differently in the log, and you can use the filtering controls provided by your browser to only view the kinds of output that interest you.

There are two ways to use each of the output methods; you can simply pass in a list of objects whose string representations get concatenated into one string, then output to the console, or you can pass in a string containing zero or more substitution strings followed by a list of objects to replace them.

Outputting a single object

The simplest way to use the logging methods is to output a single object:

var someObject = { str: "Some text", id: 5 };
console.log(someObject);

The output looks something like this:

[09:27:13.475] ({str:"Some text", id:5})

Outputting multiple objects

You can also output multiple objects by simply listing them when calling the logging method, like this:

var car = "Dodge Charger";
var someObject = { str: "Some text", id: 5 }; 
console.info("My first car was a", car, ". The object is:", someObject);

This output will look like this:

[09:28:22.711] My first car was a Dodge Charger . The object is: ({str:"Some text", id:5})

Using string substitutions

Gecko 9.0 (Firefox 9.0 / Thunderbird 9.0 / SeaMonkey 2.6) introduced support for string substitutions. When passing a string to one of the console object's methods that accepts a string, you may use these substitution strings:

Each of these pulls the next argument after the format string off the parameter list. For example:

for (var i=0; i<5; i++) {
  console.log("Hello, %s. You've called me %d times.", "Bob", i+1);
}

The output looks like this:

[13:14:13.481] Hello, Bob. You've called me 1 times.
[13:14:13.483] Hello, Bob. You've called me 2 times.
[13:14:13.485] Hello, Bob. You've called me 3 times.
[13:14:13.487] Hello, Bob. You've called me 4 times.
[13:14:13.488] Hello, Bob. You've called me 5 times.

Styling console output

You can use the %c directive to apply a CSS style to console output:

console.log("This is %cMy stylish message", "color: yellow; font-style: italic; background-color: blue;padding: 2px");

You can use nested groups to help organize your output by visually combining related material. To create a new nested block, call console.group(). The console.groupCollapsed() method is similar but creates the new block collapsed, requiring the use of a disclosure button to open it for reading.

To exit the current group, simply call console.groupEnd(). For example, given this code:

console.log("This is the outer level");
console.group();
console.log("Level 2");
console.group();
console.log("Level 3");
console.warn("More of level 3");
console.groupEnd();
console.log("Back to level 2");
console.groupEnd();
console.debug("Back to the outer level");

The output looks like this:

In order to calculate the duration of a specific operation, Gecko 10 introduced the support of timers in the console object. To start a timer, call the console.time() method, giving it a name as the only parameter. To stop the timer, and to get the elapsed time in milliseconds, just call the console.timeEnd() method, again passing the timer's name as the parameter. Up to 10,000 timers can run simultaneously on a given page.

For example, given this code:

console.time("answer time");
alert("Click to continue");
console.timeLog("answer time");
alert("Do a bunch of other stuff...");
console.timeEnd("answer time");

Will log the time needed by the user to dismiss the alert box, log the time to the console, wait for the user to dismiss the second alert, and then log the ending time to the console:

Notice that the timer's name is displayed both when the timer is started and when it's stopped.

Stack traces

The console object also supports outputting a stack trace; this will show you the call path taken to reach the point at which you call console.trace(). Given code like this:

function foo() {
  function bar() {
    console.trace();
  }
  bar();
}

foo();

The output in the console looks something like this:

Specifications

Browser compatibilityUpdate compatibility data on GitHub

Notes

• At least in Firefox, if a page defines a console object, that object overrides the one built into Firefox.
• Prior to Gecko 12.0, the console object's methods only work when the Web Console is open. Starting with Gecko 12.0, output is cached until the Web Console is opened, then displayed at that time.
• It's worth noting that the Firefox's built-in Console object is compatible with the one provided by Firebug.

See also

• Tools
• Web Console — how the Web Console in Firefox handles console API calls
• Remote debugging — how to see console output when the debugging target is a mobile device
• On-device console logging — how to do logging on Firefox OS devices

Other implementations

• Google Chrome DevTools
• Firebug
• Internet Explorer
• Safari